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The Science

Hydrogen Acts as a Therapeutic Antioxidant

Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals Oxidative stress arises from the strong cellular oxidizing potential of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), or free radicals. Mostofthesuperoxide anion radical (O2) produced is generated in mitochondria by electron leakage from the electron transport chain and the Krebs cycle. O2 is also produced by metabolic oxidases, including NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase. Superoxide dismutase converts O2 into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is detoxified into H2O by either glutathione peroxidase or catalase. Excess O2 reduces transition metal ions such as Fe3+ and Cu2+ (ref. 2), the reduced forms of

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hydrogen-water-study
The Science

Hydrogen Water & Muscle Fatigue

Pilot study: Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on muscle fatigue caused by acute exercise in elite athletes Abstract Background: Muscle contraction during short intervals of intense exercise causes oxidative stress, which can play a role in the development of overtraining symptoms, including increased fatigue, resulting in muscle microinjury or inflammation. Recently it has been said that hydrogen can function as antioxidant, so we investigated the effect of hydrogen-rich water (HW) on oxidative stress and muscle fatigue in response to acute exercise. Methods: Ten male soccer players aged 20.9 ± 1.3 years old were subjected to exercise tests and blood sampling.

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Anaerobic-Microflora Hydrogen water
The Science

Hydrogen Water Stimulates the Growth of Anaerobic Microflora

ABSTRACT* Selective stimulation of the growth of anaerobic microflora in the human intestinal tract by electrolyzed reducing water (hydrogen water). Department of Physiology of Microorganisms, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia. Vorobjeva NV, Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(3):543 -6. 96-99% of the “friendly” or residential microflora of intestinal tract of humans consists of strict anaerobes and only 1-4% of aerobes. Many diseases of the intestine are due to a disturbance in the balance of the microorganisms inhabiting the gut. The treatment of such diseases involves the restoration of the quantity and/or balance of residential microflora in the intestinal tract.

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The Science

Molecular Hydrogen ATP & Energy

A new insight into the molecular hydrogen effect on coenzyme Q and mitochondrial function of rats Abstract Mitochondria are the major source of cellular energy metabolism. In the cardiac cells, mitochondria produce by way of the oxidative phosphorylation more than 90% of the energy supply in the form of ATP, which is utilized in many ATP-dependent processes, like cycling of the contractile proteins or maintaining ion gradients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of cellular metabolism and their levels are controlled by intracellular antioxidant systems. Imbalance between ROS and the antioxidant defense leads to oxidative stress and oxidative changes to

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what is glycocalyx?
The Science

What is Glycocalyx?

(image credit: van den Berg, Vink & Spaan, Circulation Research 2003, 92:592-594) Glycocalyx is the gel-like lining of the capillaries and all other blood vessels. Its integrity is essential to the healthy function of all cells, organs and body systems. This lining protects the inside walls of the capillaries and enables the transfer of nutrients and waste removal from vital organs. The gel-like substance that is glycocalyx is a free form matrix made up of starches, fluid, ions, and other stuff. An example of a free form matrix familiar to most people is gelatin desserts which are made of starch

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glycocalyx-function
The Science

Glycocalyx: Function & Definition

The Function of Glycocalyx in Blood Vessels and Capillaries Glycocalyx serves as the mediator for cell-to-cell interactions and protects the cell membrane from fluid shearing forces allowing the cell membrane to maintain its integrity. Glycocalyx is a highly hydrated fibrous meshwork within blood vessels and capillaries that covers the endothelial cells. This layer functions as a barrier between a cell and its surroundings.  Specifically, the endothelial glycocalyx regulates vascular permeability, modulates the interaction between blood and endothelial cells. The generic structural components of glycocalyx are proteoglycans and glycoproteins, other compositional components are determined by the specific cell type and other

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healthy-glycocalyx
The Science

Endothelial Glycocalyx & Declining Health

Endothelial glycocalyx has been shown to be an integral part of the microvascular system. Without a healthy glycocalyx layer inside the blood vessels and capillaries systems that are required for good health may not function correctly. You may look and feel healthy, but your microvascular system could be in a much different state. Organ starvation is one reason that declining health and diseases begin in the body. When the capillaries begin to lose their function, vital organs don’t receive the nutrients needed to be healthy… the silent spiral of health decline begins. Conditions that can be caused by organ starvation

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